Jamun Plant and Benefits of Juman Fruit

 

THRISHULA N T
1VI21CS103
CS'B'

JAMUN PLANT

Plantation

Introduction:

The jamun is an important indigenous minor fruit of commercial value. It is also known as black plum, Indian black cherry, Ram jamun etc. in different parts of India. The tree is tall and handsome, evergreen, generally grown for shade and windbreak on roads and avenues.

The original home of jamun is India or the East Indies. It is also found in Thailand, Philippines, Madagascar and some other countries. The jamun has successfully been introduced into many other subtropical regions including Florida, California, Algeria, Israel, etc.

In India, the maximum number of jamun trees are found scattered throughout the tropical and subtropical regions. It also occurs in the lower range of the Himalayas up to an elevation of 1,300 meters and in the Kumaon hills up to 1,600 meters. It is widely grown in the larger parts of India from the Indo-Gangetic plains in the North to Tamil Nadu in the South. The data about its total acreage in India are not available.

Origin:

Jamun is native to the Indian subcontinent, specifically India, Nepal, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka, growing wild since ancient times. The prolific trees were also spread to Southeast Asia in the Early Ages and were introduced through Portuguese colonists and explorers into South America, the Caribbean, and Australia. In 1911, Jamun was planted in Florida. Today Jamun can be found worldwide in tropical to subtropical climates and is a fast-growing, aggressive tree. The cultivar is sometimes considered invasive in parts of Oceania, the Caribbean, Hawaii, and South Africa. When in season, Jamun fruits are harvested daily and are sold through local markets and roadside stands, foraged from wild and cultivated trees.

NUTRITION :

Jamun is rich in protein, fiber, antioxidants, calcium, iron, phosphorous, potassium, manganese, vitamin C and B6 and several other nutrients. Clearly, it qualifies as a superfood that should be consumed on a regular basis

Jamun is one of the tastiest summer fruits which not only replenishes your body with high energy levels but also boosts the presence of antioxidants and flavonoids, for the prevention of chronic diseases and fight against free radical cell damage.

Jamun, the tall tree with a heavy trunk is native to the Indian sub-continent but is also widely found in various Asian countries. The tree bears fruits which are oblong in shape – that are green when raw but turn pink or purple as they ripen.

In fact, jamun found a special mention in Ramayana and is prized as the ‘Fruit of Gods’ as Lord Rama survived eating this berry during his 14 years of exile in the forest.

Available in two varieties – Jamuns with white toned flesh and has a good amount of pectin while the other one with dark purplish flesh has lower amounts of pectin. Pectin is a polysaccharide substance present in the flesh of berries, fruits like apples that serves as a thickening agent, while making jams and jellies.  

Ayurveda strongly recommends this berry for treating various conditions related to heart, arthritis, asthma, stomach pain, bowel spasm, flatulence and dysentery. The diuretic effects of jamun flushes toxins out of the kidneys, while the high fiber content aids in digestion and prevents nausea and vomiting.

Benefits of Jumun Fruit:

Benefits of Jamun for Diabetes: 

• In diabetic treated rats, the antidiabetic activity of jamun seed powder was observed as an increase in body weight and improvement in peak blood glucose levels.
• In rats, the effects of oral administration of extract of jamun seed powder on body weight, fasting blood glucose levels, and pancreatic islets were investigated.
• The increase in the secretion of insulin from β-cells of the islets of Langerhans was proposed as a possible mechanism of jamun seeds in reducing blood sugar levels.³ 

Benefits of Jamun for Cholesterol: 

• In rats, the anti-hyperlipidemic activity of jamun seed extract was seen in plasma, kidney and liver tissues.
• Treatment with jamun seed extract reduced the high levels of plasma lipids seen in diabetic rats to near-normal levels.
• By regulating metabolism in the liver and kidney, the oral treatment of jamun seed extract lowered serum low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) cholesterol.
• It enhanced high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol in diabetic rats.³ 

Benefits of Jamun for Antioxidant: 

• The administration of jamun-kernel extract orally to diabetic rats reduced the levels of certain thiobarbituric acid reactive substances and hydroperoxides in liver and kidney tissues to near-normal values.
• There was a considerable recovery in glutathione levels, superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase activity in the liver and kidney.³
• With more research on humans, jamun may be useful in boosting antioxidant levels for slowing down ageing and reducing levels of inflammation.  

Benefits of Jamun for Gut: 

• In different animal models having ulcers in the stomach, the extract of jamun seeds on stomach ulceration and secretion in rats was examined.
• Jamun seeds extract reduced acid and pepsin production in the stomach while increasing gastric mucosal glycoproteins in rats. 
• This helps lower stomach ulcer formation and allows for faster healing of ulcers.³ 
• The anti-diarrhoeal efficacy of E. jambolana bark was tested in rat diarrhoea models.
• The extract considerably reduced the frequency of stools and the moisture of faceal droppings compared to control rats that were not given jamun. ³ 

Benefits of Jamun for Liver: 

• In rats, the extract of jamun pulp’s efficacy on rat model was investigated for its liver protective abilities.
• Rats were given two different dosages of jamun, and the conventional medication silymarin showed lower enzyme levels and higher total protein and albumin levels.
• Jamun pulp repaired the liver cells rapidly and helped bring the enzyme levels closer to normal levels.
• It preserved the structure of the liver cells and helped in protein synthesis.³ 

Benefits of Jamun for Allergy: 

• In mice, jamun leaf extract reduced paw oedema.
• Jamun leaf extract also directly affected mast cell degranulation, inhibiting in vitro histamine release induced by the mast cell degranulation i.e., reduced allergic reaction due to histamine release.
• The presence of flavonoids in the jamun leaf extract may be responsible for these anti-allergic properties.³ 

Benefits of Jamun for Arthritis: 

• The anti-arthritic effect of jamun seeds extract on oral intake was investigated in rat models.
• The red blood cell count, haemoglobin level, and erythrocyte sedimentation rate all improved to near-normal levels after jamun seeds extract was given to the rats.
• In jamun seeds extract-treated rats, joint space loss, bone resorption, and tissue swelling significantly reduced as the inflammation reduced.
• With more research jamun extract might be a viable treatment for arthritis in humans too.³ 

Benefits of Jamun for Infection: 

• The antimicrobial activity of extracts of jamun bark were investigated.
• The extracts were effective against a number of bacteria i.e., Staphylococcus aureus, coagulase-negative staphylococci, Yersinia enterocolitica, Staphylococcus hominis, Staphylococcus cohnii, and Staphylococcus warneri.³ 

Benefits of Jamun for Kidney: 

• The kidney protective activity of the active principle extracted from jamun fruit pulp was examined in rats.
• In diabetic rats, treatment with the extract significantly decreased fasting blood glucose levels plasma creatinine level, blood urea, urine volume, microalbuminuria, and urinary sugar levels.³
• All of these significantly aid in improving kidney health in the long term.  

 Benefits of Jamun for Brain: 

• The effects of jamun seeds on central nervous system activity in mice were investigated.
• Jamun extracts had a significant protective effect on the central nervous system.

Nutritional Value of Jamun:

Nutrients	Value
Proteins	0.7 – 0.13 g
Fats	0.15 – 0.3 g
Crude fiber	0.30 – 0.9 g
Carbohydrate	14 g
Calcium	8.30 – 15 mg
Magnesium	35 mg
Phosphorus	15 – 16.20 mg
Iron	1.20 – 1.62 mg
Sodium	26.2 mg
Potassium	55 mg
Copper	0.23 mg
Sulfur	13 mg
Vitamin A	8 IU
Thiamine	0.01 – 0.03 mg
Riboflavin	0.009 – 0.01 mg
Niacin	0.20 – 0.29 mg
Ascorbic acid	5.70 – 18 mg
Folic acid	3 mcg

DONE by : THRISHULA N T 

USN:1VI21CS103

CLASS:CS'B'